Classical Conditioning Theory of Learning (Ivan Pavlov)

    Classical Conditioning

The principle of the classic conditioning occurs according to the behavioral school by pairing the repetition of a specific stimulus with a naturally occurring stimulus, and over time this stimulus provokes the same response even if the stimulus does not appear, so this stimulus is then called the conditioned stimulus, and the acquired behavior is called the conditioned response, and this occurs in three stages

       

                                      

    Before Conditioning

In this stage, there’s no new or acquired behavior, where an "unconditioned stimulus" appears and an unconditioned response emerges naturally, for instance, a stimulus such as "food" can create a response which is salivation

And in this stage, another stimulus which has no effect yet called a neutral stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus

For example, when you present food to the dog, it will immediately salivate. In this example, food is the unconditioned stimulus

    During Conditioning

In which the above-mentioned neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with the unconditioned stimulus then it is called a conditioned stimulus, and here the "food" which is an unconditioned stimulus can be associated with a sound of the bell which is a conditioned stimulus

In our example, suppose that when you presented food to the dog, and at the same time you rang the bell. If the sound of the bell was repeatedly paired with food, the sound of the bell would trigger the conditioned response and the sound of the bell would be the conditioned stimulus

    After Conditioning

Here, the conditioned stimulus is linked to the unconditioned stimulus in order to create a new conditioned response. Presenting only the conditioned stimulus will come with a response even without the unconditioned stimulus. And the resulting response will be conditioned response

In the example above, the conditioned response would be salivation when the dog heard the bell

How to apply Classical Conditioning in the Class

If the teacher asks the students to "be quiet" (unconditioned stimulus), they will be quiet imemdiately (unconditioned response). But if the teacher only "hits the desk twice" (neutral stimulus), the students will not be quiet (no response). But if the teacher asks the students to "be quiet" and at the same he "hits the desk twice", the students will be quiet immediately (unconditioned stimulus + neutral stimulus = conditioned response)

So, by saying: "be quiet" and "hitting the desk twice" for days, the students will learn to be quiet once the teacher hits the desk twice without saying: be quiet(conditioned stimulus = conditioned response)

     Key concepts

Conditioning: is a type of learning associated with a stimulus resulting a response or behavior

Unconditioned stimulus: happens unconditionally and automatically gives a response

Unconditioned response: is an unlearned and unexpected response that arises naturally in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus

Neutral stimulus: is a stimulus which has no effect and produces no automatique response, it only catches attention

Conditioned stimulus: is a prevous neutral stimulus after being associated with the unconditioned stimulus 

Conditioned response: is a response/behavior that doesn't comes automatically, but is learned by pairing with a neutral stimulus

 

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